The rubber industry has been an integral part of Malaysia’s economic progress since her independence in 1957. The British colonial masters laid the foundation for the rubber industry in the country more than a century ago, which expanded rapidly, as the world wars fuelled increasing demand for rubber worldwide. Although the entry of synthetic rubber into the global market imposed severe competitive pressure and reduced market share for natural rubber, the rubber industry continued to thrive and remained resilient. The global health pandemics, the SARS (2003) and COVID-19 (2019) reverberated, jolted, and surged the demand for rubber products, and the rubber industry regained prominence throughout the world. Since the late 1990s, the cultivation of rubber has spread from Malaysia, not only to Thailand and Indonesia, but also to countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, China, Guatemala, Liberia, Ivory Coast, etc. As rubber cultivation lost its shine to the golden crop ‘palm oil’ in Malaysia the country’s dominance in the upstream natural rubber production began to decline. It must therefore be enunciated that despite being the 2nd most important commodity export after palm oil, a substantial amount of the natural rubber used by the latex-based industries in the country, is imported particularly from Thailand. The rubberwood, a by-product of the rubber tree, after felling for replanting activities, has become the primary feedstock for the large value-added wood-based industries in the country, especially the furniture sector. In this respect, any decline in the upstream activities will indirectly affect the supply of rubberwood, which inevitably has an adverse effect on the furniture industry. Against this background, the objective of this book is to present an in-depth analysis of the rubber industry, from its early days, the expansion period, the diverging upstream-downstream fortunes, and the constraints that continue to retard growth and rejuvenation. It is based on compilation, analysis and synthesis of numerous information sources, all of which serves as the platform for further deliberation by policymakers, industry players, academics, students and also researchers to find solutions and pathways to overcome these conundrums faced by the industry.